Salient features of World’s Physical Geography
- Geomorphology
- Origin & Evolution of Earth
- Interior of the Earth
- Distribution of Continents & Oceans
- Plate Tectonic Theory
- Distribution of Earthquakes & Volcanoes
- Rocks & Rock Cycle
- Geomorphic Processes – Endogenic & Exogenic
- Landforms & their Evolution
- Geological Time Scale
- Oceanography
- Hydrological Cycle
- Seafloor Spreading
- Ocean Floor Configuration
- Temperature & Salinity of Oceans
- Movement of Oceans – Waves, Tides, Currents
- Climatology
- Earth’s Atmosphere – Composition & Structure
- Solar Radiation, Heat Budget & Temperature
- Atmospheric Circulation & Weather Systems
- World Climate (examples)
- Soil Geography
- Soil & Soil Contents
- Process of Soil Formation
- Soil Forming Factors
- Types of Soils (examples)
- Soil Erosion & Conservation
Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent)
- Types of Resources
- On the Basis of Origin, Ownership, Exhaustability etc.
- Land Resources
- Land Utilisation
- Land Use Pattern
- Land Degradation & Conservation
- Forest Resources
- Types & Distribution – Grasslands, Forests etc.
- Causes of Depletion
- Conservation of Forests
- Water Resources
- Marine & Freshwater
- Water Scarcity & Need For Conservation
- Integrated Water Resources Management
- Agricultural Resources
- Types of Farming
- Cropping Patterns
- Contribution to Economy, Employment & Output
- Food Security
- Mineral & Energy Resources
- Classification of Minerals – Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
- Occurrence of Minerals
- Conservation of Minerals
- Classification of Energy Resources – Conventional & Non-Conventional
- Occurrence of Energy Resources
- Conservation of Energy Resources
Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)
- Classification of Industries
- Location & Distribution of the Industries on the Basis of
- Raw Material
- Labour
- Market
- Capital
- Land
- Grants & Financial Incentives
- Power
- Transport
- Water
- Communication
- Distribution of Major Industries – Iron & Steel, IT, Cotton Textile
- Agglomeration & Footloose Industries
Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including Water-bodies and Ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes
- Earthquakes
- Why Does Earth Shake?
- Earthquake Waves
- Shadow Zone
- Types of Earthquake
- Measuring Earthquake
- Effects of Earthquake
- Tsunami
- What Causes Tsunami
- Effect of Tsunami
- Mitigating the Impact of Tsunami
- Volcanoes
- Types of Volcanoes
- What Causes Volcanoes?
- Volcanic Landforms
- Intrusive volcanic Landforms
- Extrusive Volcanic Landforms
- Distribution of Volcanoes
- Cyclone
- Tropical Cyclones
- Anti-Cyclone
- Extra Tropical Cyclones
- Factors Causing Changes in Critical Geographical Features
- Examples of Changing Geographical Features – Melting of Ice Sheets, Desertification etc.
- Impact of Changing Geographical Features
- Physical Geography of India
- Physiography of India
- Drainage System
- Climate
- Soils in India
- Natural Vegetation
- Human Geography
- Demography
- Urbanization
- Census
- Economic Geography
- Agriculture
- Mineral resource
- Energy resources
- Industry
- Transport and Communication
